Diffuse Idiopathic Skeletal Hyperostosis: What is it?

1. Cause: The exact cause of DISH is not well understood, and it is often referred to as "idiopathic," meaning the cause is unknown. While the specific mechanisms behind DISH are not clear, it is believed to be related to aging and metabolic factors. It is more common in older adults, especially those over the age of 50, and is often associated with conditions such as obesity, diabetes, and metabolic syndrome.

2. Symptoms: The most common symptom of DISH is stiffness and decreased range of motion in the affected joints, particularly along the spine. Other possible symptoms and complications may include:

• Pain, which can vary in intensity and location, but is typically not as severe as in conditions like ankylosing spondylitis.

• Difficulty swallowing or breathing if the cervical spine is affected.

• Formation of bony outgrowths (osteophytes) visible on X-rays.

• Limited flexibility, especially in the spine.

• Pressure on nearby structures due to bone growth, and therefore causes discomfort and complications.

3. Diagnosis: Diagnosis of DISH typically involves a combination of clinical evaluation and imaging studies, such as X-rays and CT scans. A characteristic feature seen on imaging is the presence of flowing calcifications and ossifications along the ligaments and tendons.

4. Treatment: Treatment for DISH primarily focuses on managing symptoms and improving mobility. It may include:

• Physical therapy to improve joint mobility and flexibility.

• Pain management with over-the-counter or prescription medications.

• Lifestyle modifications, including exercise and weight management, to reduce stress on the affected joints.

• In some cases, surgery may be considered if there are complications or severe symptoms. Surgical options aim to alleviate pressure on the spinal cord or correct deformities.

It's important to note that DISH is a chronic condition, and its progression can vary from person to person.

Some individuals with DISH may have minimal symptoms and require little to no treatment, while others may experience more significant limitations in mobility and require ongoing management.

If you suspect you may have DISH or are experiencing symptoms such as stiffness and reduced joint mobility, it is essential to consult a healthcare provider for a proper evaluation and diagnosis. Early intervention and management can help improve the quality of life for individuals with this condition.