Life-Saving Actions During a Cardiac Emergency: Be a Lifesaver

Recognizing a Cardiac Emergency:

A cardiac emergency can present as a heart attack or cardiac arrest. Symptoms may include chest pain, discomfort, shortness of breath, nausea, and pain radiating to the arms, neck, or jaw. In some instances, the person may suddenly collapse and lose consciousness.

Immediate Actions to Take:

1. Dial 999: If you suspect someone is experiencing a cardiac emergency in the UK, dial 999 immediately. Provide your precise location, describe the situation, and follow the dispatcher's instructions.

2. Check for Breathing and Pulse:

   • Assess whether the person is breathing. Place your ear close to their mouth and nose to listen and feel for breath.
   • Check for a pulse by gently placing your fingers on their carotid artery (neck) for a minimum of 5 seconds but no more than 10 seconds.

3. Commence CPR (Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation):

   • If the person is unresponsive, not breathing, or lacks a pulse, start CPR without delay.
   • Position one hand's heel in the center of the person's chest, usually just below the nipple line.
   • Place your other hand on top of the first and interlock your fingers.
   • Use your body weight to compress the chest to a depth of at least 2 inches, at a rate of 100-120 compressions per minute.
   • Continue CPR until professional help arrives or the person regains spontaneous breathing and a pulse.

4. Employ an Automated External Defibrillator (AED):

   • If an AED is available, use it promptly.
   • Follow the device's voice prompts and instructions for applying the pads and delivering shocks.

5. Administer Aspirin (if available):

   • If the person is conscious and capable of swallowing, offer one adult aspirin (325 mg) to chew, unless they have a known allergy or are advised otherwise.

6. Stay with the Person:

   • Do not leave the person unattended until medical assistance arrives.
   • Maintain CPR and AED usage if applicable, until healthcare professionals take over.

Prevention and Preparedness:

Cardiac emergencies can often be prevented through a heart-healthy lifestyle, including regular exercise, a balanced diet, and avoiding smoking and excessive alcohol consumption. Being aware of your risk factors and seeking medical advice when necessary is also crucial.

Knowing how to respond during a cardiac emergency can save lives in the UK. By dialing 999, performing CPR, using an AED when available, and administering aspirin when appropriate, you can significantly improve the chances of a positive outcome. Being prepared and taking swift, decisive action can make you a lifesaver in critical situations.

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